Grinding-machine.



PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

A. G. GASSIDY. I GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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wk v Y lwvew mw mAIMM No .734,221. PATENTED JULY21,1903.'

- --A. G. GASSIDY.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED we. 16. 1902. N0 MODEL. 1 sums-sum 2.

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PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

. A. G. OASSIDY.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16. 1902.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

N0 IODEL.

WITNESSES:

' afbm INVENTOR:

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WITNESSES n: mam Pz'rzrzs cc Prime-urns, wASnmrJoN, n c.

PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

A. G; GASSIDY.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION 1-11.21) we. 16, 1902.

7 BHEETSSHEET 5.

no MODEL.

IINVEJNTEIR- WITNESSES;

PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

A. G. GASSIDY. GRINDING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16, 1902.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

N0 MODEL.

WITNESSES:

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PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

' A. G. CASSIDY.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.16. 1902.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

N0 MODEL.

5 k WZ No: 734,2i.

' UNITED STATES Fatented .l'uly 21, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

GRINDING-MACHINE;

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 734,221, datedJnly ai, 1903'.

Application filed August 16, 1902. Serial No. 119,875. (No model.)

To a, whoop it may concern.-

. tially cylindrical surfaces.

more simple in construction and compact in The object of the invention is to provide a grinder of this character which shall perform its work with the greatest possible accuracy, so that there shall be no variation in the finished product.

The invention has further for its object to efiect the movement of the grinding-tool and the work by hydraulic power, whereby an un varying feed is secured, the provision of the hydraulic mechanism rendering the machine arrangement than would be otherwise pos sible.

In addition to the objects named the invention is further designed to provide certain improvements for protecting the diamond against undue wear, controlling the feed of the grinding-tool with relation to the work with more accuracy than has hitherto been possible, and for otherwise enhancing and increasing the efficiency of machines of the character referred to.

On the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in plan view one embodiment of the invention.- Fig. 2 represents one end of the machine in elevation. Fig. 3 represents the other end of the machine in elevation. Fig. 4. represents a section' on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 represents a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 6 represents a diagrammaticviewofthehydraulicmechanism. Fig. 7 represents a section of the machine taken on a plane from front to rear. Fig. 8 representsan enlarged section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 1 and illustrates the mechanism for feeding the grinding-tool. Fig. 9 represents a front elevation of the devices shown in Fig. 8 with the front portion removed to illustrate the worm-wheei, the pawl, and the ratchet. Fig. 10 illustrates in section the mechanism forladjusting the diamond for stop-motion device. Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate the diamond and the parts with which it coacts.

Figs. 13, 14., 15, and 16 represent, in sections taken on various planes, the main valve of the machine. Figs.17, 18, 19, and 20 illustrate, in the form of sections taken on various planes, the supplemental valve which controls the feed of the grinding-tool.

As illustrated, the machine is formed with a hollow supporting-frame consisting of the laterally elongated front portion 30, upon which the work-carriage is mounted, and a rearwardly-projecting portion 31, extending at right angles thereto to receive the carriage for the grinding-tool. The top of the front portion is closed by a table 32, formed with undercut side edges, as shown in Fig. 7,

to provide a slideway for the work-holder or carriage 33, which is constructed with a dovetailed groove to fit snugly upon the top of the slideway. Upon the top of this carrier or carriage 33 is placed an elongated guide 34:, which isgrooved in its rear face for the support of the brackets 35 36. The said guide is pivoted at one end to the carriage by a hollow pintle 37, held in place by a headed bolt 38 and a screw 39. The other end of the guide is formed with a slot 40, through which a set-screw 41 extends into the carriage. The

provision of the pintle and the set-screw permits the guide, and thereforethe work, to be adjusted to a certain extent, whereby the work,as will be explained, may be rotated upon an axis at right angles to the axis of the grinding-tool for grinding cylindrical work or at a greater or lesser angle for grinding ta-- pering work. For efiecting a line adjustment of the guide an adjusting-screw 42 is passed through an internally-threaded lug 43 on the carriage, and its end bears againstthe rear face of the guide, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The brackets 35 and 36 for the workholding spindles are adjustably secured to the guide, so as to be moved toward and from each other to accommodate different lengths of work. Any suitable means may be provided for holding said brackets in place, and I have not, therefore, deemed it necessary to illustrate or describe such means in detail. It may be understood, however, that upon loosening the screws 44. 4.4 of the bracket 35 or turning the handle of the bracket 36 said brackets may be adjusted, after which the turning of said screw or said handle will rigidly secure said brackets to said guide in their adjusted positions. One spindle 46 is secured in the bracket 36, and the other spindle 47 is mounted in the bracket35, there being rovided a pulley 48, adapted to be driven by a belt for rotating the last-mentioned spindle. The pulley is formed with a dog 49 for insuring the rotation of the Work. I have not deemed it necessary to describe in detail the construction and arrangement of the spindle 47 and the bearings therefor, as any suitable construction will serve the purpose.

The grinding tool or lap is indicated a-t 5O,

and it is mounted to rotate on an axis at substantially right angles with the axis of rotation of the work, provision being made for its movement toward and from the work. The tool consists of a cylindrical shell for receiving the cylindrical body 51 of grinding material, the shell being secured upon the end of a shaft 52. The annular edge of the tool is brought into contact with the work and is slowly advanced as the work is being fed longitudinally of the axis thereof. The shaft 52 is mounted in two sets of bearings on the brackets 53 5+1, there being a thrustblock 55 (see Figs. 2, 3, and 7) in the bracket 53 for resisting the strain caused by the engagement of the tool with the work. Apulley 56 is rigidly secured to the shaft 52 and is driven by a suitable belt for causing the r0- tation of the tool. Said pulley is located between the two bearings on the bracket 54, so

that with the assistance of the hearings on the bracket 53 the strain of the belt upon the shaft will not tend to throwit out of true, so as to cause any variation in the operation of the machine. The brackets 53 and 5t are attached to a slide 57, moved at a right angle to the direction of movement of the workfeeding carriage. This slide 57 I may term the tool-feeding carriage on account of the function performed by it. The said carriage or slide 57 is provided with a depending internally-threaded lug 58 in threaded engagement with a screw-bar 59, mounted in bearings on the frame. By reference to Fig. 8 it will be observed that rigidly secured to the front end of the said bar there is a handwheel 60, by means of which it may be rotated and rapidly advance the tool-slide toward and from the work. The bearing box or sleeve for the said front end of the screwbar is indicated at 61, and there is loosely journaled upon it a worm-wheel 62, carrying a spring-pressed pawl 63, adapted to engage a ratchet 6- keyed to the screw-bar 59. An annular plate (35 is placed on the hub of the ratchet and is secured by pins to the wormwheel, one of said pins being utilized as the fulcrum for the pawl 63. The worm-wheel is provided with an annular flange 66, upon which is journaled a ringer annulus 67,

adapted to have a limited rotation with relation to said worm. The said annulus is provided with a lug 671, adapted to play between two stops 68 68 on the worm-wheel to limit the free rotative movement of the ring. The said ring is provided with a pin or lug 69, by means of which the free end of the pawl 63 may be engaged, so as to move the operative end thereof out of engagement with the ratchet 64 to permit a free rotation of the screw-bar 59 and the ratchet with relation to the wormwheel 62. The rotation of the annulus 67 is effected by hand, and normally it lies to position to permit the spring 70 to hold the pawl against the ratchet. In operative engagement with the worm-wheel thereisa worm 71, journaled in a bearingafforded byacasiug 72, which incloses the worm-wheel and which is secured upon the sleeve 61, hereinbefore referred to. The said worm 71 is rigidly secured uponashaft 73,carryinguponitsendaratchetwheel 74. A slotted actuator 75 is provided with two oppositely-extending rigid arms 76 76, each of which is provided with a pawl 77 in operative relation to the ratchet-wheel. The movement of the actuator first in one direction and then in the other eflects a contin uous step-by-step movement of the wheelratchet '74, and therefore, through the mechanism hereinbefore described, the screw-bar 59 and the consequent advance of the toolcarriage 51.

I shall now describe the hydraulic mechanism by means of which the work-carriage and the tool-carriage are operated.

There is a cylinder 80, in which is placed an elongated piston 81. The upper portion of the piston is provided with a rack 82, and the middle portion of the cylinder is cutaway to provide for the engagement of a gear 83 with the rack. This gear is looselyjournaled on a shaft 84, and it intermeshes with a rackbar 85, secu red to the under side of the carriage 32. The reciprocation 0f the piston 81 through the rack-and-gear mechanism efiects a simultaneous reciprocation of thecarriage in the opposite direction. The ends of the cylinder are closed by heads 86 86, which are removable to-permit access to the interior for obvious reasons. The opposite ends of the cylinder are connected by pipes or conduits 87 S8 with a valve-casing 89. (See Figs. 6, 13,14,15, and 16.) The How of fluid through said conduits is controlled by a spindle-valve 90. Fluid is exhausted from the casing through a conduit 91, having the two inletports 92 93. The valve is longitudinally moved, so as to permit the fluid to pass from the conduits 87 88 into either the ports 92 or 93 and into the conduit 91, according to the position of the valve. Fluid is supplied to the casing through a conduit 95 and a centrally-located port 94, there being interposed between said conduit and port a rotatable cylindrical valve 96, having an aperture adapted to registerwith the port 9t. The cylindrical valve may be rotated IIS by the handle 97 to control the flow of fluid from the supply-duct 95 into thevalve-chamher. The movement of the valve 90 in one direction or the other permits the flow of fluid from the port 94 either into the conduit 87 or into the conduit 88, as the case may be. For efi'ecting a longitudinal movement of the valve 90 a lever 99 is fulcrumed on a stud or screw 98 in the valve-casing 89, its lower end projecting down into engagement with an extension of the valve and its upper end projecting into the path of two stops 100 101,

adjustably located in a groove 102 in the work-carriage 33. As the carriage approaches its limit of movement in either direction one of the said stops engages the lever 99 and throws it over, so as tochange the position of the valve and turn the course of the fluid into the opposite end of the cylinder. To hold the valve yieldingly in either position of its two limits of movement, I employ a springpressed conically-pointed bolt 104, adapted to enter notches in the lower end of the lever 99. Said bolt is tubular, as shown, and is arranged in a suitable socket in the valve-casing, being held upward by the spring 105.

.I arrange for a portion of the exhaust fluid passing from the cylinder 80 to cause the actuation of the tool-carriage and provide an independent valve mechanism for controlling the operation of the said tool-carriage. The actuator 75, hereinbefore referred to, forms the'extension of a piston-rod 106, and the piston 107, with which it is connected, is mounted in a cylinder 108, located in the end of the machine, as shown in Figs. 6, 8, and 9. On the rearwardly-extending portion 31 of the frame there is placed a valve-casing 110, (see Figs. 6 and 17 to 20,) and in said casing there is placed a valve 111, adapted to be drawn to and held at its rearward extreme of movement by a spring 112, arranged in a tubular extension 113 of the valve-casing. Attached to the front end of the valve there is a rod or handle 114, (see Fig. 1,) which may be grasped by an operator and drawn forward, so as to move the valve 111 to operative position. The valve is adapted to be held in said operative position by a latch 115, pivoted in the casing and adapted to engage a notch 116 in the valve. On the longer end of the latch there is placed the armature 117 of an electromagnet 118. When the magnet is energized, it attracts the armature to it andholds the latch in the position shown in Fig. 18 to prevent the spring 112 from movingthe valve 111 to rearward orinoperative position. The electric circuitincluding the coils of the magnet is broken, as will be subsequently explained ,when the grinding-tool has been fed forward a predetermined distance.

Referring to Fig. 6, it will be seen that leading from the right end of the cylinder 80 there is a conduit 119, which communicates with a port 120, leading into the valve-casing 110. A second pipe or conduit 121 leads from the portl22 in the valve-casing 110 to the for ward end of the cylinder 108. A third conduit 123 leads from the rear end of the cylinder 108 to aport 124 in the casing 110, and a fourth conduit 125 leads from the port 126 in said valve-casing to the left end of the cylinder 80. separated, as shown in Fig. 6, and the valve 111 is formed with two enlargements 128 and 129, which when the valve is in a rearward position will close the ports 122 126, so as to cut off the fiow'of fluid through the conduits 125 and 121, and thus prevent the actuation of the piston 107 in the cylinder 108. When the valve 111 occupies the position shown in Figs. 6 and 18, fluid can pass freely to either end of the cylinder 108 and effect the actuation of the piston 107. The arrangement is such that each time the main piston is actuated in one direction the supplemental piston 107 will be likewise actuated, so that there is a simultaneous reciprocation of the two pistons and a consequent simultaneous feeding of the work-carriage and of the tool-carriage through the mechanism hereinbefore described. When the valve 111 is moved to inoperative position by the spring 112, the cessation of movement of the piston 107 in no wise affects the operation of the piston 81.

I now describe the stop-motion mechanism for the tool-carriage, which mechanism includes a diamond automatically governing the supplemental valve 111. Reference may be had to Figs. 1, 2, 10, 11, and 12. Secured in the front portion of the frame there is a sleeve 130, in which is mounted a cylindrical slide 131. Upon the slide is secured a box 132, having removable ends 133 134. In the box there is mounted a movable contact-arm 135, adapted to be held in engagement with a stationary platinum contact 136 by a spring 137. A conductor-wire 138 is electrically connected with the platinum contact and is included in a circuit indicated conventionally in Fig. 2 as 139. The circuit includes an electric generator 140 and the coils of the electro-magnet 118, there being a binding-screw 139 for connecting the conductor with the coils of the magnet. The electric circuit also includes the metallic portion of the frame, the platinum contact 136 and the conductor-wire 138 being insulated from the remainder of the mechanism. The movable contact 135 is secured upon a stud 142, rotatively mounted in a bushing 1 43, passed through the top of the box 132. Secured to said stud is a two-armed lever, the arms of which are indicated at 144 145, respectively. The arm 144 carries a diamond point 146, and the mechanism is so arranged that when the parts are in position (shown in Figs. 1 and 11) the diamond will bein line with the annulus 51 of the grinding-tool and IIO will be rocked when the tool has been advanced far enough to engage it. The rocking of the lever will partially rotate thestud 142 and swing the movable contact away from the platinum point 136, so as to break the circuit 139, whereupon the magnet will be immediately deenergized to release the armature 117, so that the spring 112 can withdraw the valve 111 to inoperative position and cut off the admission of fluid'to the supplemental cylinder 108 to cause the movement of the tool-carriage to immediately cease. As the grinding-lap will continue to revolve, however, it is desirable to move the diamond to inoperative position "out of engagement with the tool, and to this end the rod 114c is provided with an adjustable upright rod 148, which when the valve 111 is withdrawn will engage a pin 14.9 on the arm 145 and rock the diamond still farther out of engagement with the tool. To start the feed of the tool-carriagewhen the said carriage has been returned to initial position by the manual rotation of the screw-bar 59, previously described, the operator draws upon the rod 114 to move the valve 111 to operative position, and as the contact-lever 135 makes contact with the stationary contact or platinum point the coils of the magnet are immediately energized and the latch 115 is drawn to and held in operative position with relation to the notch 116 in the valve, the diamond point returning to normal position under the tension of the said spring 137. I provide for an adjustment of the support for the diamond. By reference to Fig. 10 it will be observed that the support 131 is provided with a cylindrical split nut 150, the forward end of which is provided with a tapering exterior thread. Said nut is held in place by a threaded bushing 151. A threaded bar 152 is passed through the said nut, the walls of which may be drawn into tightly-fitting engagement therewith by a binding-nut 153, placed on the taper thread. The forward end of the bar 152 is rigidly secured in a sleeve 154:, rotatively mounted in a bearing 155. To the said sleeve is secured a wheel 156, having a handle 157, by means of which it may be rotated so as to move the support 131 in one direction or the other. On the bearing 155 I secure an index 158 and place in operative relation therewith a movable gage or graduated scale 159, which is annular in form and which is rotatively mounted upon a flange 160 on the hub of the wheel 156. The said gage is held in place by a ring 161 and is prevented from moving except when desired by a spring-pressed friction-block 162. When the operator desires to adjust the diamond to a predetermined position-say four-tenths of an inch-he sets the scale or gage to indicate zero and then rotates the hand-wheel 56 until the index registers with the graduation indicating four-tenths of an inch.

As thus explained, it will be seen that I have provided a parallel grinder which by reason of the hydraulic mechanism is compact in arrangement and simple in construction. The work-carriage-feeding mechanism, including the piston in the cylinder, controls the mechanism for feeding the tool-carriage, so that there is a graduated advance of the tool for each movement of the work. The adjustment which Ihave provided enables the finishing of the work with great accuracy.

The other advantages possessed by my invention will be apparent to any one skilled in the art to which the invention relates and need no further enumeration.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and explained a way of constructing and using the same, although without having attempted to set forth all of the forms in which it may be done or all of the modes of its use, I now declare that what I claim is 1. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinding-tool holder, and means for moving one of said holders at a constant and uniform speed relatively to the other, said means including a piston and cylinder operatively connected to said movable holder.'

2. A grinding-machine comprising a bed or frame, a work-carriage movable on said bed or frame longitudinally of the work,a grinding-tool, and continuously-operable fluid-operated means for actuating the work-carriage at a uniform speed.

3. A grinding-machine comprisinga workcarriage, means for rotating the work, a grind.- ing-tool rotatable on an axis at substantially right angles to the work, and continuouslyoperable fluid-operated means for feeding the work-carriage at a uniform speed longitudinally of the axis of the work, said means including a cylinder and piston operatively connected to the said work-carriage.

4. A grinding-machine comprising a rotary grinding-tool, a work-feeding carriage, a piston connected to said carriage, a cylinder, and a valve mechanism controlled by said carriage, said valve mechanism being constructed to permit the continuous and uniform movement of the carriage during the feed of the work in one direction.

5. A grinding-machine comprising a rotary grinding-tool, a work-feeding carr iage, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, and rackgearing interposed between said piston and said carriage.

6. A grinding-machine comprising a rotary grinding-tool, a work-feeding carriage, a cylinder, a double-ended piston in said cylinder having rack-teeth between its ends, a rack on said carriage, and a gear extending into said cylinder and intermeshing with said rackteeth and with said rack on the carriage.

7. A grinding-machine comprising a toolfeeding carriage, a work-feeding carriage, and fluid-operated mechanism for automatically actuating said carriages to feed the tool-carriageapredetermined distance foreach movement of the work-carriage.

8. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinding-tool holder, and fluid-operated means for eifectinga movement of one of said holders longitudinally of the work, and for eitecting a movement of one of said holders transversely of said work.

9. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinding-tool holder, and fluid-operated means for effecting a movement of one of said holders longitudinally of the work, and for effecting a movement of one of said holders transversely of said work, said transverse movement bearing a predetermined re lation to said longitudinal movement.

10. Agrinding-machine comprisingaworkfeedingcarriage,a tool-feeding carriage,fiuidoperated mechanism for actuating said carriages, a main valve controlling said mechanism, and a supplemental valve controlling that part of the mechanism which actuates the tool-carriage.

11. Agrinding-machinecomprisingaworkfeeding carriage,a tool-feeding carriage,fluidoperated mechanism for actuating said oarriages at an angle to each other, two valve.

mechanisms for controlling said fluid-operated mechanism, and means controlled by the tool-carriage for operating one of said valve mechanisms.

12. Agrinding-machine comprisingaworkfeedingcarriage,a tool-feeding carriage,fiu-idoperated mechanism for actuating said carriages, two valves controlling said fluid-operated mechanism, and independent devices governed by said carriages for operating said valves.

13. A grinding-machine comprisinga toolcarriage, a Work-carriage, two fluid-operated mechanisms for actuating said carriages, and

provisions whereby the movement of the piston of one of said mechanismsis substantially simultaneous with the movement of the piston of the other mechanism.

14. A grinding-machine comprising a toolcarriage, a Work-carriage, and fluid-operated mechanism for efiecting a reciprocation of the work-carriage and a unidirectional movement of the tool-carriage.

15. A grinding-machine comprising a toolcarriage, a work-carriage, and fluid-operated mechanism for effecting a reciprocation of the work-carriage,a unidirectional movement of the tool-carriage, and means for automatically checking the movement of said toolcarriage when said carriage has reached a predetermined point.

16. A grinding machine comprising a carriage, fluid-operated mechanism for feeding said carriage, a valve governing said mechanism, means for moving said valve to closed position, and an automatic device for holding said valve in operative position until said carriage has moved a predetermined distance.

17. Agrinding-machine comprising a grinding-tool, mechanism including a device to be engaged by the said tool for controlling the actuation of said tool, and means for automatically moving said device out of engagement with the tool after it has been engaged thereby.

18. A grinding-machine comprising a grinding-tool, mechanism for controlling the actution of said tool, said mechanism including a lever having a relatively hard substance to be engaged by the said tool, and including also a sliding member or rod, and a projection from said rod adapted to engage the lever to automatically move the said relatively hard substance out of engagement with the tool after said substance has been engaged by the tool.

19. Agrinding-machine comprising agrinding-tool, mechanism for controlling the acuation of said too], said mechanism includinga lever having a relatively hard substance to be engaged by the said tool, and including also a sliding member or rod, and an adjustable projection from said rod adapted to engage the lever to automatically move the said relatively hard substance out of engagement with the tool after said substance has been engaged by the tool. V

20. Agrinding-machinecomprisingaworkholder, a tool-carriage, means for eifecting a relative movement of said carriage and said work -holder, a stopmotion mechanism for stopping said movement, including a diamond to be engaged by said tool, and means for automatically elfecting the disengagement of said diamond from said tool without a relative movement of said carriage and said holder.

21. A grinding-machine comprising a carriage, fluid-operated mechanism for moving said carriage in one direction, and manuallyoperated means for moving said carriage in the opposite direction.

22. A grinding-machine comprising a grinding-tool, a carriage therefor, mechanism for automatically feeding said carriage, a stopmotion mechanism including a diamond, means for adj usting said diamond and a gage for gaging the adjustment of said diamond.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ANDREW G. OASSIDY.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR E. BOND, PATRICK J. DUANE. 

